Allergies and Ears

Standard Poodles are cherished for their intelligence, elegance, and hypoallergenic coats. However, like many breeds, they can be predisposed to allergies, which may lead to chronic ear infections and other health challenges. Understanding the types of allergies, available testing methods, their impact on ear health, and effective prevention and management strategies is crucial for maintaining the well-being of these dogs.

Source: https://healthyandhappydog.com/allergies/

Understanding Allergies in Standard Poodles

Allergies in dogs are typically categorized into three main types:

1. Environmental Allergies (Atopy): Reactions to airborne substances such as pollen, dust mites, and molds. (Merck Veterinary Manual)
2. Food Allergies: Adverse reactions to specific dietary components. (AVMA Journals) (Holistic Vet Blend)
3. Flea Allergy Dermatitis: Hypersensitivity to flea bites. (AKC) (Frontiers)

Standard Poodles may be susceptible to any of these, with environmental and food allergies being particularly common. (Merck Veterinary Manual)  (Animal Friends Dermatology)

Allergy Testing Options

Accurate identification of allergens is essential for effective management. The primary diagnostic tools include (AKC):

• Glacier Peak Pet Intolerance Test: Used biofeedback technology to analyze hair and saliva samples to evaluate over 300 food and environmental factors to pinpoint stressors. (holirawnutrition)
• Intradermal Skin Testing (IDST): Considered the gold standard for detecting environmental allergens, this test involves injecting small amounts of potential allergens into the skin and observing reactions.
• Radioallergosorbent Test (RAST): A blood test that measures the presence of allergen-specific IgE antibodies, useful for identifying environmental allergies.
• Elimination Diet Trials: The definitive method for diagnosing food allergies, involves feeding a hypoallergenic diet exclusively for 8 to 12 weeks and monitoring for symptom resolution. (VCA)

So Many Choices….Which test should I use?

When evaluating allergy testing methods for dogs, it’s essential to consider their accuracy, reliability, and the scientific evidence supporting each. The primary methods include Intradermal Skin Testing (IDST), Serum Allergen-Specific IgE Testing (RAST), and alternative assessments like the Glacier Peak Pet Intolerance Test.

Intradermal Skin Testing (IDST):

IDST is often considered the gold standard for diagnosing environmental allergies in dogs. It involves injecting small amounts of allergens into the skin and observing reactions. The accuracy is generally estimated to be around 70%, meaning it correctly identifies allergens in approximately 70% of cases. However, factors such as medications, skin conditions, and stress can influence results.

Serum Allergen-Specific IgE Testing (RAST):

RAST detects allergen-specific IgE antibodies in the dog’s blood. Its accuracy varies, with some studies suggesting it also falls around 70%. However, other research indicates that RAST may have a lower sensitivity compared to IDST, potentially producing more false negatives but fewer false positives. RAST is less invasive and doesn’t require discontinuation of medications, making it more convenient in certain scenarios.

Glacier Peak Pet Intolerance Test:

This test utilizes biofeedback technology to analyze hair and saliva samples, aiming to identify intolerances and sensitivities to over 300 food and environmental factors. It’s important to note that this method differs significantly from traditional veterinary allergy tests. The scientific validity and reliability of biofeedback-based assessments in diagnosing pet allergies or intolerances have not been extensively documented in peer-reviewed veterinary literature. Some veterinary professionals have expressed skepticism regarding the accuracy of such tests. For instance, a study published in Veterinary Dermatology concluded that a similar test “lacks precision, accuracy and repeatability and should not be used in the diagnosis or treatment of allergic conditions in companion animals.” (VIN News Service)

Comparison and Considerations:

The margin of error between these tests can be influenced by various factors, including the specific allergens tested, the dog’s condition, and environmental variables. While IDST and RAST have established scientific backing and are commonly used in veterinary practice, alternative methods like the Glacier Peak Pet Intolerance Test lack robust scientific validation. Therefore, it’s crucial to consult with a licensed veterinarian to determine the most appropriate testing method and to develop an effective management plan for a dog’s allergies.

Impact of Allergies on Ear Health

Allergies often manifest in the skin and ears of dogs. Inflammation caused by allergic reactions can lead to otitis externa, a common ear infection. Studies indicate that allergies contribute to ear infections in up to 43% of cases, and 65-80% of dogs with food allergies develop ear infections.

Preventing Allergies Through Early Dietary Interventions

Emerging research suggests that early dietary choices may influence the development of allergies:

• Raw Diets in Puppies: A study from the University of Helsinki found that puppies fed raw tripe, organ meats, and human meal leftovers had a significantly lower incidence of allergy and atopy-related skin symptoms in adulthood. (University of Helsinki)  (ScienceDaily)
• Dietary Diversity: Introducing a variety of fresh, less-processed foods during puppyhood may promote a healthier immune system and reduce allergy risks.  (ScienceDaily)

Managing Allergies and Chronic Ear Infections in Adult Poodles

Effective management strategies include:

• Regular Ear Care: Routine cleaning and monitoring of the ears help prevent infections, especially in breeds like Poodles with hair-filled ear canals (McDowell’s Herbal). Options like Zymox or Garlic Mullein Oil can soothe inflamed ears and provide antimicrobial benefits.
• Medications: Anti-inflammatory treatments, such as corticosteroids, can alleviate severe allergic reactions. (Middlesex Vet Center)
• Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy (ASIT): Custom-formulated allergy shots or drops can desensitize dogs to specific allergens over time. (VCA)
• Dietary Management: Implementing elimination diets to identify and avoid food allergens is crucial. (VCA)
• Environmental Control: Minimizing exposure to known environmental allergens can reduce symptom severity.

Collaborating with a veterinarian to develop a tailored plan is essential for effectively managing allergies and associated ear infections in Standard Poodles.

All in All

Allergies in Standard Poodles can significantly impact their quality of life, particularly when leading to chronic ear infections. Through early dietary interventions, vigilant monitoring, and comprehensive management strategies, owners can help prevent and mitigate these issues, ensuring their Poodles lead comfortable and healthy lives.

And here is how I resolved chronic ear infections on two of our poodles:

• Regular Ear Care: Routine cleaning and monitoring of the ears help prevent infections, especially in breeds like Poodles with hair-filled ear canals. Options like Zymox or Garlic Mullein Oil can soothe inflamed ears and provide antimicrobial benefits.
• Active Infection Care: For chronic ear infections, I used a flushing device daily to remove all of the brown/black goo from the ear. I filled the device with a cleaning solution cut with isopropyl alcohol. Once the ear was clean, I applied Garlic Mullein Oil daily. Within 10 days, all irritation was gone. I then reduced the Garlic Mullein Oil application to once a week, and the infections did not return.
  • Because the dogs have thick hair, even in their ears, I pluck to promote air flow, but do not remove every bit of hair. After removing ear hair, I use Zymox with hydrocortisone to reduce inflammation. Zymox offers other formulations if your dog cannot tolerate hydrocortisone.